The conduct of Buddhists can be divided into two main groups: the monastics (monks and novices) and the laity (householders). Traditionally, Buddhism identifies four groups of followers, collectively known as the Fourfold Buddhist Community (Bhikkhus, Bhikkhunis, Upasakas, and Upasikas). However, Bhikkhunis (fully ordained nuns) are no longer present in many Buddhist traditions, which means novices (Samaneri) and probationary nuns (Sikkhamanas) are also absent. As a result, the contemporary Buddhist community generally comprises monks (Bhikkhus), novices (Samaneras), and lay followers (Upasakas and Upasikas).
The responsibilities of these groups vary according to their roles and status. However, broadly speaking, the conduct of Buddhists can be summarized in five key practices:
Studying and Understanding the TeachingsBuddhists are encouraged to study and understand the Dhamma—the teachings of the Buddha—to the best of their ability. This includes comprehending the principles of morality, meditation, and wisdom, as well as the nature of karma and its results.
Living in Accordance with One's Role and StatusLaypeople are expected to have faith in the Buddha, who is regarded as the enlightened teacher, and to live ethically by observing the Five Precepts:
Refraining from harming living beings.
Refraining from taking what is not given.
Refraining from sexual misconduct.
Refraining from false speech.
Refraining from intoxicants that lead to heedlessness.
Monastics, on the other hand, are required to adhere to stricter precepts and to practice meditation and mindfulness in greater depth.
Experiencing the Results of PracticeThe true value of Buddhism is realized through direct experience. After studying and practicing the teachings, individuals should observe the benefits and transformations within themselves, which can only be known through personal insight.
Spreading the TeachingsBuddhists are encouraged to share the Dhamma through various means, such as discussions, teachings, writings, or modern media like videos and recordings. This ensures that the teachings reach a wider audience and contribute to the well-being of others.
Protecting and Preserving BuddhismWhen the teachings or the Buddhist community are misrepresented or attacked, it is the responsibility of Buddhists to defend and preserve the faith. This includes protecting its doctrines, places of worship, and cultural practices, ensuring the religion's continued existence and relevance for future generations.
By following these five principles, Buddhists uphold the Buddha's legacy, safeguard the Dhamma, and contribute to the stability and growth of Buddhism in the world.
Source: Adapted from "What Buddhism Offers" by Phra Rajadhammadhith (Rabhub Thitayanano), Wat Bowonniwet Vihara.
Commenti